In volume control mode, an increase in airway resistance results in a rise in peak inspiratory pressure, with a greater difference between the peak and plateau pressures. according to the equation of motion, a similar pattern can also occur when the inspiratory flow is increased, even without changes in resistance. Therefore, when interpreting ventilator waveforms, it is essential to consider the influence of peak inspiratory flow to avoid misattributing changes in pressure t

In pressure control mode, tidal volume is influenced by factors such as the set pressure level, the patient’s inspiratory effort, lung compliance, and airway resistance. The area under the flow-time scalar represents the tidal volume delivered. In this scenario, inspiration ends before the flow returns to baseline. If the patient is passive and respiratory mechanics remain unchanged, tidal volume can be increased—without altering the pressure setting—by extending the inspirat